Historical Background

Early civilization in Myanmar dates back to the 1st century with archaeological evidences of the Pyu Kingdoms of Thayekhittaya (Sri Ksetra), Beithano (Visnu) and Hanlin. The first Myanmar Empire was founded in early 11th century by King Anawrahta who unified the country through his strong leadership and intellect. The Empire with its capital at Bagan lasted until the end of 13th century with the invasion of the Mongols. The second Myanmar Empire with its capital in Bago was founded in mid-16th century by King Bayintnaung. The third and the last Myanmar Empire was founded by King Alaungpaya in 1752. In the 19th century, during the peak period of colonialism, Myanmar was annexed in three stages by the British after three Anglo-Myanmar Wars in 1852 and 1885. During the second World War, Myanmar was occupied by the Japanese for nearly three years until the Allied Forces’ reoccupation in 1945. Myanmar became a sovereign independent state on January 4, 1948.